English summary unit 1

UNIT I

T E N S E S

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

POLA I : Predikat selain kata kerja

is adj

(+) S + am + adv

are noun

is not adj

(-) S + am + not + adj

are noun

is adj

(?) am + S + adv ?

are noun

is

Yes, S + am

are

is

No, S + am + not

are

2. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

POLA 2 : Predikat kata kerja

(+) S + V (s/es)

(-) S + do/does + V₁

(?) Do/Does + S + V₁ ?

Yes, S + do/does

No, S + do/does + not

Fungsi : untuk menyatakan kebiasaan dan kebenaran

Keterangan waktu

- every - usually - never

- always - generally - seldom

- often - sometimes

Contoh : - (+) my father usually drinks a cup of coffe.

(-) My father usually doesn’t drink a cup of coffe.

(?) Does your father usually drink a cup of coffe

Yes, he does

No, he doesn’t

(+) The children watch TV every afternoon

(-) The children don’t wacth TV every afternoon

(?) Do the children wacth TV every afternoon ?

-1-

Yes, they do

No, they don’t

(+) The baby is sick.

(-) The baby is not sick

(?) Is the baby sick ?

Yes, it is

No, it is not

3. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

POLA I : Predikat selain kata kerja

was adj

(+) S + ----- + adv

were noun

was not adj

(-) S + ----- + not + adv

were noun

was adj

(?) ----- + S + adv ?

were noun

was

Yes, S + were

was

No, S + were + not

4. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

POLA 2 : Predikat kata kerja

(+) S + V₂

(-) S + didn’t + V₁

(?) Did + S + V₁ ?

Yes, S + did

No, S + did not

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau.

Keterangan waktu

Yesterday Last ……………..

………….. ago Just now

Contoh :

(+) The headmaster gave a speech in the ceremony

(-) The headmaster didn,t give a speech in the ceremony.

(?) Did the headmaster give a speech in the ceremony ?

-2-

Yes, She did

No, he didn’t

(+) The old woman stepped on a banan skin

(-) The old woman didn’t step on a banana skin

(?) Did the old woman step on a banana skin ?

Yes, She did

No, She didn’t

(+) Your children were very naughty.

(-) Your children were not very naughty

(?) Were your children very naughty ?

Yes, They were

No, They were not

5. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

POLA 1 : (+) S + shall/will + V_{1 POLA} 3 :

(-) S + shall/will + not + V_{1 ( + )} S + shall/will+ be + adj/adv/noun

(?) Shall/will + S + V₁ ? ( -) S + shall/will + not + be + adj/adv/noun

Yes, S + Shall/will ( ? ) Shall/will+ S +be+ Adj/adv/noun ?

No, S + shall/will not

POLA 2 : (+) S + am/is/are + going to + V₁

(-) S + am/is/are + not + going to + V₁

(?) am/is/are + S + going to + V₁ ?

Yes, S + am/is/are

No, S + am/is/are not

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.

Keterangan waktu :

Tomorrow soon

Next ……. Later

Contoh : (+) The secretary will type all the letters.

(-) The secretary will not type all the letters.

(?) Will the secretary type all the letters ?

Yes, She will

No, She will not

(+) The fisherman is going to paint the boat.

(-) The fisherman is not going to paint the boat.

(?) Is the fisherman going to paint the boat ?

Yes, he is

No, he is not

-3-

6. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

POLA (+) S + am/is/are + Ving

(-) S + am/is/are + not + Ving

(?) Am/is/are + S + Ving ?

Yes, S + am/is/are

No, S + am/is/are + not

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi

Keterangan waktu

Now at present listen !

Right now at the moment watch out !

Contoh :

(+) The passangers are sitting calmly in the bus

(-) The passangers are not sitting calmly in the bus.

(?) Are the passangers sitting calmly in the bus ?

Yes, they are

No, they are not

Catatan :

Beberapa kata kerja tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk Continous (Ving)

- want - need - have

- understand - see - dll

- line - believe

7. PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

POLA	S + was/were + Ving	When	S + V II
	S + was/were + Ving	While	S + was/were Ving

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau pada waktu kejadian lain terjadi.

Keterangan waktu : - when - while

Contoh :

- The teacher was explaining the lesson when

The headmaster entered the classroom.

- The farmers were were feeding the chickens while the clidren were cleaning the cages.

- When the owner was skeeping, the thief broke in.

8. FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

POLA :

S + shall/will + be + Ving

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.

-4-

Keterangan waktu

- by this time tomorrow

- at all tomorrow

Contoh :

- The children will be doing the test by this time next week.

- Will you be reading this magazine next week ?

9. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

POLA : (+) S + have/has + V₃

(-) S + have/has +not + V₃

(?) Have/has + S + V₃

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah selesai dikerjakan.

Keterangan waktu : Since already

For yet

Contoh (+) The baby sister has bathed the baby already.

(-) The baby sister has not bathed the baby yet.

(?) Has the baby sister bathed the baby already ?

Yes, She has

No, She has not

10. PAST PERFECT TENSE

POLA : S + had + V₃

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah selesai dilakukan pada waktu kejadian lain terjadi di waktu lampau.

Contoh :

- My brother had eaten his breakfast before he left the house.

- Hendro had collected his work before I finished mine.

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Pola : S + shall/will + have + V3

Fungsi : Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sudaj selesai/terjadi dimasa yang akan datang

Contoh :

- The driver will have worked in that factory for 3 years next month.

- I will have lived in Surabaya for years next week.

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